Tooth powder, also known as dentifrice, was first marketed in Britain during the 18th century. These powders may have been developed by doctors, dentists, and chemists, but they also included some fairly abrasive substances: brick dust, crushed china, earthenware and cuttlefish. Bicarbonate of soda, commonly known as baking soda, was often a key component. By the end of the century, borax was added to provide a cleansing, foaming effect.